However, such a component design in accordance with the principles of fatigue strength is not only motivated by the effort to avoid damage and repairs. Today’s increasingly important issues of lightweight construction, material and energy efficiency and, thus, improved sustainability require exact knowledge of the operational loads and the corresponding fatigue behaviour. Sustainability in a modern sense means the most efficient possible use of available resources and this goal can only be achieved for many components and structures if the load sequences occurring in operation are known and taken into account for the optimisation of materials, design and production. Variable load amplitudes as a characteristic feature of typical operational load sequences thus become a very important design parameter for sustainable, optimised components and structures.